Looking for the best walker in 2025? I’ve found options like lightweight foldable designs, sturdy frames, and versatile features perfect for safety and comfort. Many models have adjustable heights, anti-slip wheels, and padded seats, making them ideal for indoor and outdoor use. Whether you need something portable or all-terrain, these walkers support various weights and mobility needs. Keep exploring to discover which model best suits your lifestyle and helps you stay independent.
Key Takeaways
- Look for lightweight, foldable designs for easy transport and storage, ideal for travel and daily use.
- Prioritize sturdy frames with high weight capacities and anti-slip wheels for enhanced safety and stability.
- Choose models with adjustable handles, padded seats, and ergonomic features for personalized comfort.
- Consider safety features like locking brakes, bright visibility aids, and anti-skid surfaces for added security.
- Select options that combine durability, user-friendly features, and additional storage for convenience and versatility.
Stander Space Saver Rollator, Lightweight Folding Walker with Seat for Seniors & Adults
If you’re looking for a walker that combines portability with comfort, the Stander Space Saver Rollator is an excellent choice. It’s lightweight, weighing just 14.5 pounds, and folds into a compact 10 x 11-inch size using patented EZ Fold-N-Go technology, making it perfect for travel or storage. The padded seat with a backrest offers a safe resting spot, supporting up to 250 pounds. Equipped with 6-inch wheels and locking brakes, it provides stability indoors and outdoors. And since it comes pre-assembled, you can start using it right away. This rollator helps boost independence while ensuring comfort and safety on every outing.
Best For: seniors, adults with mobility challenges, and individuals seeking a lightweight, portable walker for indoor and outdoor use.
Pros:
- Compact folding design with patented EZ Fold-N-Go technology for easy portability and storage
- Supports up to 250 pounds with a padded, non-slip seat and adjustable handles for comfort
- Equipped with 6-inch wheels and locking brakes for stability and safety on various surfaces
Cons:
- Limited to a maximum weight capacity of 250 pounds, which may not suit all users
- No additional storage compartments or baskets included for carrying personal items
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic walkers without folding or seat features
Vive Mobility Lightweight Walker for Seniors
The Vive Mobility Lightweight Walker is an excellent choice for seniors who prioritize easy portability without sacrificing stability. Weighing only 9.5 pounds and supporting up to 300 pounds, it’s easy to carry and store. It folds effortlessly with a patent-pending locking system and arrives fully assembled, making it perfect for travel and tight spaces. Its narrow, open-frame design eliminates obstructive rear bars, allowing natural walking and sharp turns. Equipped with 6-inch all-terrain wheels, it handles various surfaces smoothly. Adjustable handle height and slip-resistant grips ensure comfort and safety, while the lifetime frame guarantee adds peace of mind.
Best For: seniors seeking a lightweight, portable walker that offers stability and easy maneuverability in tight spaces and on various surfaces.
Pros:
- Lightweight at only 9.5 pounds for easy carrying and transport
- Compact, foldable design with secure locking system for convenient storage and travel
- Open-frame structure promotes natural walking, sharp turns, and use in crowded or small areas
Cons:
- Limited to a maximum weight capacity of 300 pounds, which may not suit all users
- May require adjustment for different user heights within the 36”–42” range
- The open-frame design might offer less support for users needing more stability
Drive Medical Compact Folding Rollator
With its lightweight design and compact foldability, the Drive Medical Compact Folding Rollator is perfect for seniors who need a portable, easy-to-store walker. Weighing just 15.4 pounds, it folds down to 14.9 x 9.25 x 25 inches, making it simple to tuck into tight spaces or car trunks. Made from durable aluminum, it supports up to 300 pounds and features adjustable handles for a personalized fit. The large 8-inch wheels handle various terrains smoothly, while the padded backrest and sturdy frame ensure comfort and safety. Plus, its quick, tool-free assembly makes it convenient for everyday use and travel.
Best For: seniors, adults, or anyone seeking a lightweight, portable walker for indoor and outdoor use that easily folds for travel or storage.
Pros:
- Lightweight at only 15.4 pounds, making it easy to carry and maneuver
- Compact foldable design with quick, tool-free assembly for convenience
- Supports up to 300 pounds with durable aluminum construction and smooth 8-inch wheels
Cons:
- May have limited features compared to heavier-duty walkers with additional options
- The small size when folded might still be challenging for very tight storage spaces
- Limited color options or customization features
ELENKER All Terrain Rollator Walker with Seat and Armrest
Designed for outdoor adventures and uneven terrains, the ELENKER All Terrain Rollator Walker with Seat and Armrest offers seniors a reliable way to stay mobile. Its cushioned seat and backrest provide comfort during long rests, while the armrests promote proper posture and reduce shoulder strain. The fully adjustable frame lets you customize handlebar, seat height, and handgrip angle, fitting users from 5’ to 6’ tall. Equipped with durable, non-slip 10-inch wheels, it handles various surfaces smoothly. Additional features like a zippered pouch, under-seat basket, cup holder, and cane holder make it convenient for daily outings, ensuring safety and support every step of the way.
Best For: seniors and outdoor enthusiasts needing a durable, comfortable, and customizable mobility aid for uneven terrains and outdoor adventures.
Pros:
- Cushioned seat and backrest enhance comfort during prolonged use.
- Fully adjustable frame accommodates users from 5’ to 6’ tall for personalized fit.
- Solid, non-slip 10-inch wheels provide smooth, stable maneuverability across various surfaces.
Cons:
- Heavier design may be more challenging to transport or lift.
- May require assembly or adjustment before use.
- Higher price point compared to basic walkers due to added features and all-terrain capability.
Drive Medical Folding Walker with Wheels
Looking for a reliable mobility aid that combines stability with ease of use? The Drive Medical Folding Walker with Wheels is an excellent choice. It supports users up to 350 pounds and is designed for daily indoor and outdoor use. Made from lightweight yet durable aluminum, it’s easy to maneuver and transport. Its five wheels and rear glide caps help navigate various terrains smoothly. The vinyl contoured hand grips offer comfort, while adjustable height settings ensure a personalized fit. Plus, the push-button folding mechanism makes storage and transport simple. Backed by a lifetime warranty, this walker is built for safety, convenience, and lasting quality.
Best For: seniors and adults up to 350 pounds seeking a durable, easy-to-maneuver mobility aid for both indoor and outdoor use.
Pros:
- Lightweight yet sturdy aluminum construction for easy transport and durability
- Smooth navigation with five wheels and rear glide caps for diverse terrains
- Adjustable height settings and comfortable vinyl hand grips for personalized fit
Cons:
- May be bulkier for users with very narrow doorways or tight spaces
- Requires some strength to operate the fold mechanism for those with limited hand dexterity
- Limited color options may not match personal style preferences
HOMLAND Foldable Rollator Walker with Seat for Seniors
The HOMLAND Foldable Rollator Walker with Seat for Seniors stands out as an ideal choice for seniors who need reliable support and easy portability. Its reinforced frame and double support bars hold up to 350 pounds, ensuring durability and stability with thickened tubing and solid construction. Weighing just 20.4 pounds, it’s lightweight and features a quick-fold design for effortless transport and storage. The adjustable seat and handle heights suit users from 47 to 66 inches, with a comfortable memory foam seat and breathable backrest. Safety is excellent, with reliable brakes, pinch-proof folding points, and reflective strips for visibility. Its puncture-proof wheels handle indoor and outdoor terrains smoothly.
Best For: seniors and individuals with mobility challenges seeking a durable, comfortable, and portable rollator walker for indoor and outdoor use.
Pros:
- Reinforced frame supports up to 350 pounds, ensuring durability and stability.
- Lightweight at just 20.4 pounds with a quick-fold feature for easy transport and storage.
- Adjustable seat and handle heights accommodate users from 47 to 66 inches, enhancing comfort.
Cons:
- May be heavier than some lightweight models for very elderly users with limited strength.
- The size of the foldable design might be bulky for compact storage spaces.
- Puncture-proof wheels, while durable, could be less shock-absorbing on very rough terrains.
Drive Medical 4 Wheel Rollator Walker with Seat
If you need a reliable walker that offers both stability and comfort, the Drive Medical 4 Wheel Rollator Walker with Seat is an excellent choice. Its durable steel frame and stylish blue finish make it sturdy yet attractive. The 12-inch square seat, along with a removable backrest and under-seat storage pouch, provides convenience and customizable comfort. Equipped with four smooth-rolling caster wheels and hand brakes, it ensures safe navigation on various terrains. The adjustable handle height and lightweight, foldable design make it easy to personalize, transport, and store. Backed by a lifetime warranty, this walker combines strength, support, and reliability for active seniors.
Best For: seniors and adults seeking a durable, stable, and comfortable mobility aid for indoor and outdoor use.
Pros:
- Sturdy steel frame with stylish blue finish for durability and aesthetic appeal
- Adjustable handle height and foldable design for personalized comfort and easy transport
- Equipped with smooth-rolling caster wheels and hand brakes for safe navigation across various terrains
Cons:
- Weight capacity limited to 300 pounds, which may not suit all users
- Fixed 12-inch seat size might not accommodate taller or wider individuals comfortably
- Might be heavier than lightweight alternatives, affecting portability for some users
VOCIC Walkers for Seniors, Foldable Rollator Walker with Seat and Large Wheels
For seniors seeking a reliable and versatile walker, the VOCIC Foldable Rollator stands out with its large, puncture-proof wheels that easily handle various terrains. Weighing just 19.4 lbs, it’s made from durable aluminum alloy and supports up to 330 lbs. Its quick-fold mechanism makes it compact—perfect for storage or travel. Comfort is a priority, with an ergonomic seat, waterproof padding, and adjustable height options. The eight large wheels and textured tires provide excellent stability and slip resistance, while the intuitive brakes ensure safety. With adjustable handles and a lightweight design, this rollator offers both convenience and confidence for everyday mobility.
Best For: seniors seeking a durable, versatile, and portable walker capable of handling various terrains with comfort and safety.
Pros:
- Supports up to 330 lbs with a sturdy aluminum alloy frame, ensuring reliability.
- Features large puncture-proof wheels and textured tires for excellent obstacle crossing and slip resistance.
- Compact foldable design with a quick 3-second mechanism makes it easy to store and transport.
Cons:
- Weighs 19.4 lbs, which may be slightly heavier for some users to lift easily.
- Adjustable seat height offers only three levels, possibly limiting customization for some users.
- The handle height adjustment range (41-63 inches) may not accommodate very tall or very short users perfectly.
Medline Steel Rollator Walker with Seat
With its sturdy steel frame supporting up to 350 pounds, the Medline Steel Rollator Walker with Seat offers exceptional stability and safety for seniors needing reliable mobility assistance. Weighing just 16.5 pounds, it’s easy to fold for transport and storage. The six 6-inch wheels glide smoothly over indoor and outdoor surfaces, providing effortless movement. Ergonomic brake handles are easy to grip, with adjustable height from 31 to 35 inches, ensuring comfort and control. The padded 12×12 seat and backrest deliver comfort during rests, while under-seat storage keeps personal items close. Overall, this rollator combines durability, convenience, and safety in a sleek, foldable design.
Best For: seniors and individuals requiring a sturdy, stable, and portable mobility aid with comfortable seating and easy-to-use brakes.
Pros:
- Supports up to 350 lbs., offering excellent durability and safety.
- Lightweight at 16.5 lbs. with a foldable design for easy transport and storage.
- Equipped with smooth-rolling 6-inch wheels suitable for various terrains both indoors and outdoors.
Cons:
- May be too heavy for some users to lift easily when folded.
- Adjustable handle height ranges only from 31 to 35 inches, which may not fit all users.
- The padded seat size of 12×12 inches might be small for some individuals needing more space.
ELENKER Heavy Duty Upright Walker with Padded Seat and Backrest
The ELENKER Heavy Duty Upright Walker stands out as an excellent choice for seniors requiring robust support, thanks to its aluminum bariatric frame that supports up to 500 pounds. It features a wide, padded seat and backrest for added comfort during rest breaks. The fully adjustable frame guarantees proper posture and a secure fit, promoting safety on various terrains. With 10-inch anti-slip wheels, it offers excellent traction and stability. The handlebar with armrest pads encourages an upright posture, reducing shoulder strain. Plus, the built-in cup holder, cane holder, and storage compartment make daily life more convenient. This walker combines durability, safety, and comfort seamlessly.
Best For: seniors and individuals weighing up to 500 pounds who need a sturdy, comfortable, and adjustable mobility aid for safe walking and resting.
Pros:
- Supports up to 500 lbs with durable aluminum bariatric frame for added strength.
- Features a wide, padded seat and backrest for enhanced comfort during breaks.
- Equipped with 10-inch anti-slip wheels for superior traction and stability on various terrains.
Cons:
- Requires a minimum door width of 27 inches for proper clearance.
- May be bulkier due to its heavy-duty design, making storage or transport slightly more challenging.
- Adjustment and assembly might require some time and effort for optimal fit.
Walkers for Seniors with Seat and Adjustable Height
A walker featuring a built-in seat and adjustable height offers the perfect combination of stability and convenience for seniors. Its lightweight aluminum frame supports up to 300 pounds and folds easily for transport or storage. The handle height adjusts across five levels, fitting users from 5 to 6.2 feet tall, while the seat height is set at 22.2 inches for comfortable resting. Equipped with large, all-terrain wheels and anti-skid patterns, it ensures smooth, secure mobility on various surfaces. Dual brakes provide safe speed control and locking options, making outdoor use safer. Overall, this walker combines practicality, safety, and comfort in one reliable package.
Best For: seniors and individuals with mobility challenges seeking a stable, adjustable, and comfortable walker for outdoor and indoor use.
Pros:
- Supports up to 300 lbs with a lightweight yet sturdy aluminum frame.
- Adjustable handle height with five levels for a customized fit.
- Equipped with large all-terrain wheels and dual brakes for safety and smooth maneuvering.
Cons:
- Slightly heavier than some compact walkers, which may be challenging for some users to lift.
- The seat height is fixed at 22.2 inches, limiting adjustments for different user preferences.
- Fold dimensions may be bulky for very tight storage spaces.
Walkers for Seniors with Seat, Rollator Walker (Burgundy)
If you’re seeking a reliable walker that combines safety, comfort, and portability, the Walkers for Seniors with Seat, Rollator Walker in Burgundy stands out. Its reinforced frame supports up to 350 pounds, ensuring durability for daily use indoors and outdoors. The adjustable seat and handle heights fit users from 47 to 66 inches tall, with a plush, high-density memory cotton cushion for all-day comfort. Safety features include a three-mode braking system, reflective strips for visibility, and a movable backrest for tailored support. Lightweight at just 8.5 kilograms, it folds easily for transport, making it perfect for active seniors on the go.
Best For: active seniors seeking a durable, adjustable, and portable walker for both indoor and outdoor use.
Pros:
- Reinforced high-quality plastic frame supports up to 350 pounds for long-lasting durability
- Adjustable seat and handle heights from 47 to 66 inches ensure a customized fit
- Lightweight at 8.5 kg with a foldable design for easy transport and storage
Cons:
- May be too bulky for very narrow doorways or tight spaces
- The plush cushion, while comfortable, may require occasional cleaning or replacement
- Limited color options other than burgundy, which might not suit all preferences
Walkers for Seniors, Z11 Rollator Walker with Seat
Looking for a walker that combines stability, style, and comfort? The Z11 Rollator Walker has you covered. Its sturdy carbon steel frame and multi-faceted tubing locks deliver zero shake, supporting up to 380 lbs. The sleek X design and diamond-like reflections make it both modern and eye-catching, perfect for city walks or social outings. Comfort features like the Ergo Cushion, dual-arc back support, and wrist-friendly butterfly grips ensure all-day ease. Plus, it folds smoothly, adjusts easily, and comes with a large storage bag. With professional support and simple controls, the Z11 is a reliable, stylish choice for active seniors.
Best For: active seniors seeking a stylish, stable, and comfortable walker for city outings, social events, or travel.
Pros:
- Supports up to 380 lbs with a durable, high-stability frame tested over 200,000 impact cycles
- Modern X design with diamond-like reflections offers both style and visibility
- Ergonomic features like the Ergo Cushion, dual-arc back support, and wrist-friendly grips enhance all-day comfort
Cons:
- The walker may be heavier than basic models, potentially impacting portability for some users
- Adjustments and folding might require some familiarization, especially for less dexterous users
- The stylish design and features might come at a higher price point compared to simpler walkers
Helavo All Terrain Upright Walker with Flat-Free Rubber Tires
The Helavo All Terrain Upright Walker stands out as an excellent choice for seniors who want reliable outdoor mobility without the worry of flat tires. Its puncture-proof rubber front wheels provide smooth, cushioned movement across various surfaces, from uneven paths to pavement. Built from sturdy aluminum, it’s lightweight at just 22.7 pounds but supports up to 300 pounds, ensuring durability and safety. The ergonomic handles and padded armrests promote proper posture, reducing strain, while the included cushioned seat and backrest offer comfort during rest. With features like a cup holder, cane holder, and reliable braking system, this walker combines practicality with safety for all your outdoor adventures.
Best For: seniors and outdoor enthusiasts seeking a lightweight, durable, and reliable walker with flat-free tires for varied terrains.
Pros:
- Puncture-proof rubber wheels ensure maintenance-free, smooth outdoor mobility
- Supports up to 300 lbs while weighing only 22.7 lbs for easy handling
- Ergonomic handles and padded armrests promote proper posture and reduce strain
Cons:
- Assembly may require following video instructions for some users
- Limited to a maximum weight capacity of 300 lbs, which may not suit all users
- The walker’s size may be less suitable for indoor narrow doorways or tight spaces
Factors to Consider When Choosing Walkers for Elderly

When choosing a walker for an elderly loved one, I focus on stability and how well it supports balance to prevent falls. I also consider its weight and portability, making sure it’s easy to carry and maneuver. Additionally, I look at adjustability, terrain adaptability, and safety features to make certain it fits their needs and environment.
Stability and Balance Support
Choosing a walker that offers excellent stability and balance support is essential for guaranteeing safety and confidence for elderly users. I look for models with a wide base and a low center of gravity, which help prevent tipping over. Four-wheel walkers with large, anti-slip wheels provide better traction on different terrains, offering more reliable support. Adjustable height features are crucial too, as they help maintain proper posture and improve stability during use. Locking or hand brakes add an extra layer of security, allowing for secure stopping and preventing unintended movement. Non-slip, puncture-proof tires enhance grip on uneven or slippery surfaces, reducing the risk of falls. Prioritizing these features ensures the walker truly supports stability and balance, giving users peace of mind.
Weight and Portability
A walker’s weight and portability can substantially influence how easily seniors can use and carry it throughout their day. Lighter walkers, typically under 10 pounds, are much easier to maneuver and carry, reducing strain and fatigue. Foldable models are especially convenient, allowing users to quickly collapse the walker for transport in cars or for compact storage at home. Compact, space-saving designs are ideal for small living spaces and travel, making daily activities more manageable. Additionally, adjustable weight capacity ensures the walker supports the user’s body weight comfortably without adding unnecessary bulk. Overall, choosing a lightweight, foldable, and appropriately supported walker can notably improve independence and ease of use for seniors, especially those with limited strength or endurance.
Adjustability and Fit
Adjustability and proper fit are essential features to contemplate when selecting a walker for an elderly person, as they directly impact comfort and safety. An adjustable walker allows you to customize handle height, usually between 31 and 42 inches, to match the user’s arm length and maintain proper posture. It’s important that the handles align with wrist height when arms are relaxed at the sides, ensuring natural movement. Seat height adjustability, typically between 20 to 24 inches, provides comfort during rest stops. Multiple height settings help prevent strain on the back, shoulders, and wrists, reducing fall risk and discomfort. A well-fitting walker promotes correct walking posture and enhances safety, making it a vital factor in choosing the right mobility aid.
Terrain Adaptability
When selecting a walker for outdoor use, it’s crucial to take terrain adaptability into account to guarantee safety and ease of movement. Walkers with large, pneumatic, or all-terrain wheels offer better traction and stability on uneven or rough surfaces. Shock-absorbing features in the wheels and frame help absorb bumps, making navigation smoother and more comfortable. Adjustable wheel height and positioning improve maneuverability across various terrains by enhancing ground clearance and stability. Wider wheelbases and durable tires reduce slipping risks on slippery or loose surfaces like gravel or grass. Additionally, features such as front swivel wheels and multi-terrain tires allow for easier turning and navigation across diverse environments. Prioritizing terrain adaptability ensures safety and confidence when using a walker outdoors.
Safety Features Included
Safety features are essential considerations when choosing a walker for the elderly, as they directly impact stability and fall prevention. Locking brakes and anti-slip wheels provide reliable support, helping prevent slips and sudden movements. Secure hand grips ensure a firm hold, reducing the risk of dropping or losing control. Adjustable handle heights and ergonomic grips promote proper posture, easing strain and enhancing control during use. Bright colors and reflective strips boost visibility in low-light conditions, making nighttime walks safer. Features like pinch-proof folding points and secure locking mechanisms prevent accidental injuries and make handling safer. Some models even include built-in safety alarms or alerts, which notify users of instability or hazards. These safety features work together to create a walker that’s reliable, secure, and confidence-boosting for elderly users.
Comfort and Cushioning
Choosing a walker that offers ample comfort and cushioning is essential for elderly users, especially during extended periods of use. Proper padding, like cushioned handles and seats, helps reduce pressure points and keeps you comfortable. Ergonomically designed armrests and footrests evenly distribute weight, easing strain on joints and muscles. Adjustable padding allows you to customize comfort, supporting better posture and less fatigue. Shock-absorbing wheels and frames absorb impacts from uneven surfaces, providing a smoother walk. Well-cushioned seats and backrests also encourage regular rest breaks, which boost safety and prevent discomfort or injury. Prioritizing these features ensures your walking experience remains comfortable, reduces strain, and helps you stay active longer without unnecessary pain or fatigue.
Ease of Storage
Ease of storage is a key factor to contemplate because it directly affects how conveniently you can keep your walker when not in use. I recommend choosing a walker with a foldable design that reduces its size by at least 50%, making it easier to store in closets, trunks, or cabinets. Look for models with quick-fold mechanisms that operate with one hand—this lets you collapse and expand the walker effortlessly. Lightweight frames, ideally under 20 pounds, make lifting and stowing more manageable. Additionally, guarantee it folds into a compact footprint, such as less than 12 inches wide, to fit narrow spaces. Built-in handles or carrying straps are a bonus, simplifying transportation once folded. These features help maintain independence while keeping storage simple and accessible.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Do I Select the Best Walker Based on My Loved One’s Needs?
To select the best walker for your loved one, I recommend considering their specific needs and mobility level. Think about their height, weight, and balance issues. Look for a walker with adjustable height, sturdy frame, and comfortable grips. Test for ease of maneuverability and safety features like brakes. Consulting with a healthcare professional can also guarantee you pick a walker that provides the right support and enhances their independence.
What Safety Features Should I Prioritize in a Senior Walker?
When choosing a senior walker, I prioritize safety features like sturdy brakes, non-slip wheels, and adjustable height settings. I also look for a wide base for stability and a secure grip handle. Ensuring the walker has reflective surfaces or lights can improve visibility. These features give me peace of mind, knowing my loved one can move safely and confidently without unnecessary risks or falls.
Are There Specific Walkers Designed for Outdoor or All-Terrain Use?
Yes, there are specific walkers designed for outdoor or all-terrain use. I recommend looking for models with sturdy, wider wheels and durable frames that can handle uneven surfaces. Features like shock absorption and adjustable height also help improve stability and comfort outside. These walkers give you the confidence to navigate parks, trails, and uneven sidewalks safely, making outdoor adventures more accessible and enjoyable.
How Do Weight and Portability Affect Walker Choice for Elderly Users?
Think of choosing a walker like finding the right pair of shoes—balance, weight, and portability matter. Heavier models feel like carrying a brick wall, making mobility tough, while lightweight walkers are like feathers, easy to handle. I recommend selecting a walker that’s sturdy yet easy to fold and carry, ensuring safety without sacrificing convenience. Your comfort and ease of use are key for staying active and independent.
What Maintenance or Adjustments Are Necessary for Long-Term Use?
To guarantee my walker stays reliable, I regularly check for loose screws, worn-out wheels, and any rust or damage. I also clean it to keep it hygienic and lubricate moving parts for smooth operation. If I notice any issues, I get them fixed promptly. Adjustments like changing the height or brakes are essential for comfort and safety, so I keep an eye on these to maintain long-term usability.
Conclusion
Did you know that nearly 60% of seniors experience mobility challenges at some point? Choosing the right walker can make a huge difference in safety and independence. Whether you prefer lightweight, all-terrain, or foldable options, there’s a perfect fit for everyone. Remember, prioritizing comfort and support helps you stay active and confident. Take your time, compare features, and pick the walker that best suits your lifestyle—your mobility and peace of mind depend on it.